Texas school districts are looking to the state Legislature for critical changes that aim to support the growing population of students enrolled in special education programs. Educators and advocacy groups argue that pending proposals could significantly reduce the financial shortfall between state, federal, and local funding for these essential services.

Addressing the Funding Gap

The Texas Education Agency reports a funding discrepancy of approximately $1.7 billion in special education. The proposed legislative changes would reallocate funds to schools based on the unique needs of individual students, a shift from the existing model that determines funding based solely on the time spent in special education settings.

Proposed Changes in Funding Structure

Under the new proposed funding model, assessments would be tailored to better match the requirements of diverse learners. Advocates highlight that this personalized funding would provide necessary resources for students who may need varying levels of assistance, such as one-on-one support for some while others may only require periodic check-ins.

Another essential aspect of the proposals includes offering partial reimbursements for the costs associated with initial evaluations of special education needs, which have surged in demand over the past few years.

Financial Implications for Schools

If passed, House Bill 2 would allocate an additional $615 million in special education funding for the 2025-26 school year. Conversely, the narrower Senate Bill 568 does not stipulate additional funding, leading to concern among district leaders facing deficits and inflationary pressures.

Fort Bend Independent School District CFO Bryan Guinn emphasized the importance of any new funding, stating, “We would welcome, appreciate and encourage any additional funding provided by the state for our special education students. They’re the students that have the greatest needs.”

Rising Enrollment in Special Education

Over the past decade, the percentage of Texas public school students enrolled in special education has increased dramatically. In the 2014-15 school year, 8.6% were enrolled, a figure that has now risen to approximately 14%, equating to nearly 800,000 children receiving specialized services.

This increase followed the 2017 legislative decision to discontinue a previous cap on the number of students eligible for special education services, thereby allowing schools more flexibility in meeting varied student needs.

Operational Challenges for Districts

Despite receiving considerable funds, districts like Fort Bend ISD report substantial out-of-pocket expenses. In the last school year alone, their state and federal funding only covered about 75% of special education costs, leaving the district with a $33.6 million deficit. Such financial strains have necessitated the hiring of additional support staff to maintain adequate service levels.

Similar sentiments were echoed by Round Rock ISD Superintendent Hafedh Azaiez, who indicated that the district also faces significant economic burdens. Their costs for special education services have increased by about 25% over five years.

Future Outlook and Advocacy Efforts

Advocates for special education have expressed optimism regarding the legislative discussions, urging the implementation of a more nuanced funding approach. However, some warn that hastily enacted changes might strain resources if not carefully managed. Evaluations and adjustments to the proposed system are critical to ensure a smooth transition to the new funding formula.

“This is one of the most transformational bills of this session,” noted Sabrina Gonzalez Saucedo, director of public policy and advocacy at The Arc of Texas, underscoring the pivotal nature of these reforms in securing equitable funding for students with disabilities across Texas.