Texas is grappling with its most severe measles outbreak in over 30 years, as confirmed cases have surged to 753 across 36 counties, according to the Texas Department of State Health Services (DSHS) . The outbreak, which began in late January, has resulted in 99 hospitalizations and three deaths, including two unvaccinated children in Texas and an adult in New Mexico .
Gaines County remains the epicenter, reporting 414 cases—more than half of the state’s total . The outbreak has expanded beyond West Texas, with recent cases confirmed in Bexar, El Paso, and Lamar counties .
The vast majority of infections are among unvaccinated individuals or those with unknown vaccination status. Of the 753 confirmed cases, 710 involve people who are either unvaccinated or have no documented doses of the measles vaccine more than 14 days before symptom onset . Only 21 cases have been reported in individuals who received both doses of the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine, which is about 97% effective .
Children under the age of 4 are particularly vulnerable, accounting for 221 of the confirmed cases . Health officials emphasize that measles can cause serious complications in young children, including pneumonia and encephalitis.
The outbreak has been linked to communities with low vaccination rates. Gaines County, for instance, has one of the highest rates of nonmedical vaccine exemptions in the state, with nearly 14% of incoming kindergarteners in the 2023–2024 school year not having received the MMR vaccine . The virus has also spread to neighboring states, including New Mexico and Oklahoma, raising concerns about a broader regional impact .
In response, DSHS and local health departments have intensified efforts to increase vaccination rates. Public awareness campaigns are underway, and access to immunization services has been expanded. Schools are reinforcing proof-of-vaccination policies, and health officials are urging parents to ensure their children are up to date with their vaccinations.
Despite these efforts, experts warn that the outbreak could persist and expand without increased vaccination coverage. Katherine Wells, director of public health for the city of Lubbock, stated that the outbreak could last up to a year due to low vaccination rates and underreporting . Historically, measles outbreaks have been contained through extensive vaccination campaigns, but declining immunization rates have left communities vulnerable.
Nationwide, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has reported 1,267 confirmed measles cases so far this year, nearing the highest count in over 30 years . The resurgence is attributed to declining childhood vaccination rates and increased international travel. The CDC emphasizes the importance of the MMR vaccine as the most effective prevention against measles.
Health officials continue to monitor the situation closely and urge the public to recognize measles symptoms and protect themselves through vaccination. The MMR vaccine is widely available and remains the best defense against measles.
